Typewriting machine



- Sept. 1,' 1942. R. D. DODGE TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Oct. 12, 1938 9 Sheets-Sheet l 7P0/1/HLD D DODGE INVENTOR ATTORN EY P 1942- I R. D. DODGE 2,294,722

TYPEWRIT ING MACHINE Filed Oct. 12, 1938 9 Sheets-Shet 2 FIG. 2

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TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Oct. 12, 1938 9 Sheets-$het '7 Ron/171.0 D. DODGE |NVENTOR ATTORNEY Sept. '1, 1942- R. D. DODGE TYPEWRITING' MACHINE Filed Oct. 12, 195

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Patented Sept. 1, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE mnwmrmc MACHINE Ronald- D. Dodge, Rochester, N. Y., as'sig'nonto International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York. Application October 12, 1938, Serial No. 234,563

27 Claims.' (01. 19744) This invention relates to typewritingma- "The broad object isto provide an'improved machine for justifying typewritten copy.

An object is to provide means whereby justified copymay be obtained by means of a variable escapement typewriter having escapement mechanism which varies the feed of the carriage in accordance with the widths of the characters typed; for example, a machine like the one disclosed in application S. N. 148,270 filed June 15,

1937, by Ronald D. Dodge; now Patent No. 2,224,766, issued December 10, 1940.

An object is to provide'a justiflcation control mechanism which is relatively simple to install and operate.

An object is to provide a justification control mechanism for variable escapement typewriters .which does not affect the spacing between the characters of a word, which may. vary in accordance with the widthsof the characters, but

effects justification by. causing an additional feeding movement to be imparted to v the carriage between words. 7 r r i An object is to provide a justificationcontrol mechanism which is controlled by the space bar or space key of the typewriter whereby the feed may be automatically varied between the words of a line to the extent necessary to make each typed line conform to an arbitrary standard of.

line length.

An object is to provide a justificationcontrol mechanism which is completely independent of the position of the carriage or its movements, that is, has no direct connection to the. carriage, whereby any zone on a work sheet maybe arbitrarily used without manipulating or setting the justifying control mechanism to conform to such zone. In other words an object is to provide a justification control mechanism which does not depend on the movement of the carriage and has no connections thereto, such as inclinable tracks,

cams, links, or gears, requiring that the carriage and justifying mechanism be aligned, ,synchroe m xed, or manually mechanically set in a predetermined relationship in order to render the justifylng control mechanism effective.

As will be shown hereinafter, the present invention has only two manual setting dials or their equivalent and the mechanism controlled by'these dials automatically controls the-operations of the e scapement in response to operations of the space bar or space key. Thus the carriage is conditioned for the justification of typewritten copy guides for the desired length and position of the line to be typedon the work ,sheet'.

An object is to provide a justific'ationrcontrol mechanism which does-notoverload the'carriage or in anyway add to the mass thereof; and hence does not have the objection of the retarding effect of prior justifying mechanisms on the carriage, either due to the additional weight imposed on the carriage or due to the restraint exercised by mechanical connectionsto the carriage which I pendently of the justification mechanism without setting any levers or other manual device's.

An object is to providea ji i'stification control mechanism which is automatically reset to inactive position at the end oi each linewherebythe machine is always" in readiness for typing in the normal way independently of the. Justification vices such as levers control mechanism.

An object is to provide a f justification control mechanism which is selectively set solely by two easily manipulated dials or equivalent manual dereach of the operator. 7 4

, Further objects of the instant invention reside in any novel feature of construction or operation or novel combination of parts present in the embodiment of .the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings whetherv within or without the scope of the appended claims and irrespective of other specific statementsas to the scope of the invention contained herein. 7 a

In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the machine; V Fig. 2 ,is a vertical section approximately through the center line ofthe machine;

' nism is shown in horizontal section and. the

'4 variable escapement mechanism isshown in plan;

' merely by setting the marginal stops and paper Fig. 3 is a largescale-yertical section showing the shift mechanism and 'escapemen tselecting mechanism; V

Fig. 4 is a view in which the-justifying mecha- Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the line 55 in Fig.4;

Fig. 7 is a large scale view inside elevation of certain-mechanisms controlled bythe space bar;

Fig. 8 is, a diagrammatic view or the 'justification control mechanism;

or keys located within easy perspective 'view of thev carriage Fig. 9 is a plan view of the indicator and its operating mechanism;

Fig. 10 is a front view of the indicator;

Fig. 11 is a vertical section on the line iiii of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a detail view in front elevation of the right hand marginal stop and part of the indicator operating mechanism;

Fig. 13 is a large scale detail view of part of the carriage release mechanism;

Fig. 14 is a section on the line l4i4 in Fig. 13. The drawings illustrate the present invention as applied to the International electric writing machine, formerly known as the Electromatic. However, it will be understood the invention is not limited in its application to the specific machine selected for purposes of illustration but 7 i3 rigidly mounted in the base i4. Rotatably mounted in the base i4 is the power roller i which is rotated in thedirectionjof the arrow (Fig. 2) by means of a suitable motor, not shown. When the machine is in use the power roller i8 rotates continually.

Cooperating'gwith the powerjroller i5 (Fig. 2)

are the cam units i8 which are pivotally mounted on rods i'l extending parallel with the power roller i8. There is a cam unit i6 associated with ea'ch of the key levers ii and each'cam unit is connected by a i8 with a sub-lever i8 pivoted on red i2. The sub-levers I! are connected by links 28 to type bars 2i throughthe medium of toggles 22. The type bars, 2i fare pivotedin the usual wire segment 23 provided with a type guide 24 located in front of the platen 25. The platen is, as usual, rotatably mounted in the basket is movably mounted in the framework of the machine for ease shifting movement in a well known way and normally occupies an elevated position shown in Fig. 2 for the typing of the lower case characters. The shift mechanism for drawing the type basket 32 downwardly to permit the printing of capital letters is described in Patent No. 1,945,097 and is partly shown in Fig. 3. 1

Secured to the back of the type basket frame 32 (Fig. 3) is a pair of brackets like 33 connected fby toggle links 34 to the arms of toggle levers 35 secured on the ends of a shaft 38- Joumaled in the framework of the machine. Pivotedon a stud 31 is a three-armed lever 38 having two pins 38a, 38b engageable by the short arms of a T-shaped lever. 38 which is pivoted at 48 to one arm of a three-armed lever 4i. The lever 4i is pivoted on a stud Ma and a spring 4ib normally holds the lever 4i in the position of Fig. 3 with one of its arms engaging a stud Me on a fixed part of the framework. The lever 38 is connected by a link 42 to one arm'of one of'the toggle levers 38. The T,-lever 38 has a stud 48 projecting into a slot formed in an arm 44 formed as an extension of the key lever for one of the shift'keys iiia(Fig. 2). One arm of lever 4i (Fig. 3) has a li-nk'connection 48 to a camunit,

not shown, which is controlled by both of the '4id' against the tension of spring Hi). 'This draws the T-lever 38 to the right in Fig. 3, thereby, through the engagementjof the short arm of carriage 28 which is supported on front and rear rails 21 and 28, respectively, by means of suitable anti-friction roller trucks. Springs 28 connected to a curved spring anchoring member 30 and to toggles 22 provide means for restoring the toggles'and type bars to the normal position showninFig. 2.

When any character key ill (Fig. 2) is depressed, its cam unit i8 is caused to operatively engage the power roller IS in a well known way thereby rocking'th'e cam unit i8 clockwise or counterclockwise according to whether the operative cam unit is pivoted on the left hand or right hand rod II, respectively. The rocking of the cam unit causes its link iii to be drawn downwardly, thereby rocking the correspondin g'suln lever [8 in a clockwise direction. 'This movement of the sub-lever i9, through the correbar 2| associated with the selected key to rock in a counterclockwise direction to effect the impression of the type upon a work sheet wrapped around the platen 28. The type bar, near the end of its operative strokepengages the usualwhich forms part of the type basket. The type said T-lever withthe pin 38a, rocking'the lever 38 clockwise. Through the link connection 42, the toggle levers 38 and'shaft 38 are rocked in a counterclockwise direction, thereby bending the togglescomprising the links 34 and the arms of Rovers 35,' causing the type basket to be drawndownwardly.

The mechanism briefly described above is old and well known in the art.

' 3 The escapement mechanism is mounted in a sleeve Si is a thrust washer 83 alongside of which are located the balls 84 Ma combination axial and radial thrust bearing of which the outer ball race 88dis integral with a spiral pinion 88 secured to a ratchet 88. The pinion 88 meshes constantly with a spiral rack 81 (Figs. 2 and 4) which is secured to the underside of the carriage 28.

The rear end of the pinion 88 is formed as a ball race (see Fig. 14) in cooperation with balls 88 whereby the pinion 88 and ratchet 88 rotate freely on the rod 82. The latter is relatively. fixed in the framework by means: of a. set screw 88 (Fig. 4) which projects through a slot in the rear sleeve 51. A similar thrust washerlike 53 abuts the end of the rear sleeve 5| to retainballs which freely rotatably mount one end of the hub of ratchet 48 on the rod 52.

The hub of ratchet 48 (Fig. 4) is integral with a pinion 60 located adjacent the hub of the ratchet 49. The pinion 69 meshes with one of a pair of intermeshing pinions 6| rotatably mounted on brackets 62.carried by the ratchet wheel 49 while the other pinion 6| meshes with a pinion 63 which is secured to a pinion 84. The latter meshes with one of a pair of intermeshing pinions 65 like pinions 6i and mounted on brackets 66. carried by ratchet wheel 50, while the other pinion 65 meshes with a pinion 67. Y

7 Rotatably mounted on the pinion 61 is a ratchet wheel 68 (Figs. 2 to 5, 13 and 14) which is of the same diameter as the ratchet 56 while secured to the pinion 61 is a ratchetr69which is considerably larger in diameter than the ratchets 56, 68. The ratchets 56 and 69 are normally 4 connected for driving purposes by means best shownin Figs. 13 and 14 comprising a dog In pivoted on a stud ll fixedly mounted on the ratchet wheel 69. The dog normally engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel 56 whereby the ratchet wheel 69 will be rotated in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 13) whenever the ratchet wheel 56 is similarly rotated by letter spacing carriage is to be returned by the usual power operated carriage return mechanism. For this purpose, there'is provided release mechanism which is operatedby the usualcarriage release levers8l (Figs. land 2'), these levers being pivoted on .studs illa on the side plates of thecarriage with the free ends'of levers" 81, adjacent theusual platen rotating knobs 88, Eachlever-Bl abuts one end ofa bail comprising a bent rod 89 (Fig.

2) pivotally mounted in the side platesot the' carriage. When either of the levers 81, is. depressed, thebail is rocked clockwise in Fig. 2 thereby causing the rodi89to move rearwardlyof [the platen or forwardly infFig. 5. A ,lug'99 formed in a lever 91 (Figs. 2 and 5)pivoted on the top surface of .therear rail. 28 is thereby movement of the carriage. The dog 10 is slotted I to embrace a stud 12 carried by a member 13 also pivotally mounted on the stud H. The member 7 13 has a lug engaging a stud .14 secured to the side of ratchet wheel 68. -Atorsionspring 15 (see Fig. 5 also), hooked overtheend of stud 14 and lying in a groove formed in a collar :16 on the pinion61 and also anchored to a stud TI (Fig. 5) on ratchet 69, normallytends to rotate the ratchet 68 in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 13) or in aclockwise direction (Fig. 5). A spring 15a, anchored to studs 12 and I1, holds the end of dog 19 in engagement with the teeth of ratchet 56. v

Movement of the carriage is effected, as usual in typewriting machines, by means of a spring drum 18 shown in Fig. 4 on which drum is wound the tape 19. This tape passes over a pulley. 80 mounted on the rear rail 28 and thence to the right hand end of the rack 51 at which point the tape 19 is secured to the rack. Due to. the constant tension produced in the tape 19 by the spring drum 18, thecarriage 26 tends to move to the left (Fig. 1). Thus the ratchet 56 always tends to rotate the ratchet 69 and pinion6'l in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 13). This rotamovement of the carriage is concerned, because the ratchet wheels 48, 4.9, and 50 are restrained moved rearwardly of the platen, or forwardly in Fig. 5 whenever the bail 89 is moved by the release levers 8'l.

' Mounted one bracket 92 (Fig. 5) is a. release I [dog .93 having a slot 93a. embracing a stud. 94 7 carried by the bracket 92.. A spring 95, anchored to the lower end of the dog '93 anditothe bracket 92, normally holds the lower end of-ssaid dog against a stop lug 921: .formed in thebracket 92.

with the stud 94 at the lower leftv hand end of the slot/ 93a. In this position of the dog 93,:the

lower end thereof, which is in the'.'plane ofthe ratchet 68, is held clear of said ratchet. Whenever thelever 9i ismoved forwardly in Fig 5 by the rod 89 as a consequence of the operation .of one of the release levers 81, the dog 93 is ratchet 66 and thereafter, by a clockwise pivotal .movement of said dog on the stud 94, the ratchet 66 is moved by' dog 93 in a counterclockwise direction relative tothe ratchet 69 (Fig. 5) or clock.

from rotation by means oftheloose dogs 8i (Fig.

6) of theescapement mechanism.

Reverse rotation of the ratchet 69 and pinion 61 is prevented by means of a dog 82 (Figsfrl wise in Fig. 13. Through the cooperation of the pin 14 on ratchet 38 with the lug on member 13, and the cooperation of pin 12 with the slot in the dog I0, the latter is lifted out of, engagement with the teeth of ratchet 56 thereby permitting said ratchet to .be moved independently of the, ratchet 69. ,-'I hus the carriage may be moved by hand or by the power operated return mechanisniwithout disturbing the escapem'ent mechanism and without the escapement mechanism interfering with the movement of the carriage. I I h V The .dog 93 is 'actuatedautomatically whenever the usualpo'wer operated return mechanism operates to returnthe carriage prior to writing a new line. In the lnternational electric writing machine, the carriageis returned by power mechanism like the one disclosed in Patent- No. 2,104,559 under control ofa carriage retumkey no- This mechanism will. not be described in detail in the present case because its specific construction isnot. a feature of the invention claimed hereinaften. When the carriage return .key Illb (Figs. 1 and 5a) is depressed, a cam unit |6c (Fig. 5c) is rendered operable by the power roller I5. This cam unit operates the way so as to actuate the line and return the carriage.-

I carriage return clutch 300 through mechanism which includes a lever 30! pivoted at 302 to a bracket 303 secured to the base of the machine. The lower end of the lever 3M bears against a cap 304 forming part of the clutch assembly 300 mounted on the main drive shaft for power rollerII.

When the lever SM is rocked in a clockwise direction (Fig. 511) about the pivot'302, the cap 334 is pressed to the left to engage the clutch 303. This causes rotation of a tape drum 305, to which the carriage return tape 300 is attached, thereby applying tension to said tape. The tape 300 is connected to the carriage in ,a'well known space mechanism The upper end of lever30I is connectedby a short link (not shown) to one end of a lever 301 pivoted at 309 to a bracket 309 secured to the base of the machine by the same fastening means as the bracket 303. Lever 301 and the link which is not shown together form a toggle operative in a well known way to lock the lever 30! in the clutch engaging position so as to maintain the clutch in engaged position while the carriage is returning. Lever 301 is connected to the cam unit I60 by means of a link 3" whereby, when the cam unit I60 is rocked in a clockwise direction by the power roller l5, link 3I0 is drawn downwardly to straighten the toggle including lever 301, thereby rocking the lev'er30I in a clockwise direction to engage the clutch 300. g

Pivoted at 3 is a bell crank 3I2, one arm of which'extends under the arm of lever 301 to -,which the link '3I0 is connected whereby, when lever 301 is operated by the cam unit I60, the

bell crank 3I2 will be rocked in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 5a). The link is connected to one arm of a bell crank 98 (Fig. 5) which in turn is connected by a link 99 to a three-armed lever I pivoted at IM to a plate I02 secured to the rear rail 23. The bracket 32 is also secured to the plate I02. Whenever the carriage return mechanism is operated, link 99 is drawn to the left (Fig. to rock the lever I00 in'a clockwise directionand the lever remains in this position as long as the carriage return clutch is held inengaged position by the toggle including the lever 301.

plat I 02 is engaged by the left hand marginal stop I030 to arrest the carriage at the left hand marginal position. This lug I02a is also engaged by the right hand marginal stop I03b (Fig. 5). 4

The ratchet wheels 40, 49, and 00 have 27, 36, and 27 teeth, respectively, whereby the amount of feeding movement imparted to the carriage may be varied. Due to the method of interconnecting the ratchet wheels by means of intermeshing pinions, the ratchet wheels 40 and" rotate in a direction opposite to the ratchet 49. Assuming for the moment that the ratchet wheels'48 and 49 (Fig. 4) are fixedand immovable, the pinion 64 will be locked against rotation, therefore, if ratchet wheel50 is now permitted to rotate one tooth space, one ofthe pinions 05 will roll'around ratchet'wheels 40 and 90 are locked and -the The three-armed lever I00 controls the release of the carriage return clutch and, when operated as described, moves one armof said lever I00a (Fig. 5) into. the path of the lefthand marginal stop I 03a carriedby the 'usual'marginal stop rack I04 mounted on the carriage. Through the arm I00!) and a link I05, which interconnects said arm I00b with the lever 9|, the dog 93 is operated to disengage thedog 10 from the ratchet 58. During a carriage return operation, the ratchet rotates in a'clockwise direction (Fig. 13) whereby, if the dog 10 were not released by the connection including I05,

tion shown in Fig. 5. a lug I02a formed in ratchet wheel'49 is permitted to move, one of the pinions 0| will roll around the pinion 60 and cause pinions 63, 64 to' be rotated. The rotation of pinion 64 is communicated to pinion 31 through the intermeshing pinions 05. As in the case of ratchet wheel 50, pinion 61 rotates twice as much as ratchet wheel 49. However, when the ratchetin combinations to produce an accumulative efiect upon the pinion55 which, of course, will permit the carriage to move' correspondingly.

Since the ratchet wheel 48 has twenty-seven teeth, the 'pinion' 01' and hence the pinion ,55 will be rotated ,5 of a revolution whenever the ratchet wheel 48 rotates one tooth space. On the other hand, since the movement of the pinion 61 is twice that of the ratchet wheel 49 and the latter has thirty-six teeth, the pinions 61 and 55 will be rotated the equivalent of A of a revolution of the ratchet wheel49. Likewise, the ratchet wheel 50 having twenty-seven teeth, pinions 01 and 55 will be rotated of 'a'. revolution of the ratchet wheel 50. Reducing these fractions to a common denominator of 54, it will be seen that the movements of pinions 61 and 55 produced by the ratchet wheels 48, 49, 50 are 36, 1%;, and of a revolution, respectively, per t0oth space on the respective ratchet wheels. The gearing is so designed and the spacing of the teeth on the ratchet wheels has been so selected that ratchetwheel 43 causes the carriage to move twounits of spacing, ratchet wheel 49 three units of spacing, and ratchet wheel 50 four units of spacing.

It is thus possible to secure 7 different spacings of the carriage which, in terms oi. units of carriage spacing, are as follows: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9. Thus the spaclngof the carriage can 'be accommodated to seven different widths of letters if necessary. The means by which the escapement wheels 48, .49, 50 are selectively controlled will be described in the following paragraphs.

The rotation of thejesca'pement' ratchet wheels 40, 49, 50 iscontrolled by means of three dog rocker mechanisms which are selectively controlled bypower operated selecting mechanism. Fig. 6 shows the dog rocker mechanism for the ratchet wheel 49. Each dog rocker mechanism includes a dog rocker plate I08 which is pivotally mounted on vertically aligned conical'studs II screwed into threaded holes in two parallel and horizontal portions 46b of the frame 46. The

conical points of the studs I01 are seated in conical holes in lugs formed in the dog rocker plate I06. Pivoted on a shoulder on a stud I08 011' the rocker plate I06 is the usual loose escapement dog 8|, mentioned hereinbefore, which is actuated by a spring I09 so as to be urgedin'a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 6). The left hand and of the dog 8|, engaging one of the teeth of the ratchet 49, however, is held in the position of Fig. 6 owing to the tension of the spring drum I8 (Fig; 4) being greater than the tension of'the spring I09 (Fig. 6) whereby thedog 8| is forced against a resilient stop IIOa mounted on an arm III which is rotatably secured to the side of the rocker plate I06 by means of the stud I08. The shoulder on stud I08, on which the dog 8| is loose, permits the arm III to be secured to the plate I06 without binding the dog. The upper left hand portion of the arm II I "is provided with a bentover lug against which bears an adjusting screw 2 carried by a lug formed in the rocker plate I06. By turning the screw .I I2. inone direction or another, the arm III may be rotatably ad- 8 abutting the, stops I Ila, as shown in Fig. 3. with all of the dogs 8| engaging the teeth of their secured to. frame 46. V V

The rocker plates I06 are selectively and combinationally operated through power operated mechanism controlled by the keys I0 whichserespective ra'tchets. Springs" III are anchored to, lugs formed in plates I06 :to a bracket iecting mechanism now will be described. 7

' Rigidly mounted on brackets 8 (Figs. 2 and 3) secured to the lower edges of the sides of the base I4 is a rod I I9 which is steadied at its midpoint by extending through a slot in a bracket two lengths which alternate on the rod 'I I9, the

justed about the stud I08 as a pivot. The dog' rocker plate I 06 (Fig. 4) is provided with a lug I06a which is substantially in horizontal align ment with the left end of the dog 8| but does not normally engage the teeth of the ratchet wheel 49.

When the rocker plate I06 is rocked in a coun-' terclockwise direction (Fig. 4), the lug |06a is moved mm the tooth space occupied by the dog 8| before said dog is moved free of the ratchet wheel whereby, when the dog ultimately clears shorter bars I22 being interspersed with the "longer bars. Each of the selector bars I22 has a link conection 23 with an extension I24 formed. as part of one of the side frames of the cams and release mechanism of the cam units I6.-

Thus, whenever a, cam unit is operated in consequence of the depression of anykey'IO, one of the selector bars I22 (Figs. 1 and 4) is rocked V in a. counterclockwise direction.

the teeth of the ratchet wheel 49, the latter is permitted to rotate counterclockwise a fraction of a tooth space in Fig. 6. The spring 'I09'then rocks the dog 8| in a counterclockwise, direction until said dog strikes a resilient stop I I0b mounted on the arm III. The stops I|0a, II-Iib on arm III are so spaced that the end of dog8I assumes a position in horizontal alignment with the next lower tooth space of ratchet wheel 49.

When the plate I06 is restored to the position of Fig. 4. the end of dog 8| is moved into the path of the next lower tooth on ratchet wheel 49 before the lug I06a clears the teeth in ratchet 49.

When the lug I060. finally clears the teeth in the ratchet 49, the latter will be permitted to rotate in a counterclockwise direction*(Fig. 6) the remainder of a tooth space, thereby bringing the end of dog 8| back against the resilient stop 0a.

Thus, by giving the. plate I 06 one complete oscillation the escapement ratchet 49 is permitted to turn one full tooth space.

' The rocker plate I06 (Figs. 4 and 6) is formed 7 with a lug II4 which extends between two resilient stops II5a, I I5b mounted on arms I I6a, II6b, respectively, which arms are pivoted in scissors fashion on one of thevconicalstuds I01. The

stops II5a, -I I5b, being located on opposite sides of the lug II4, adjustably limit the oscillatory movements of the plate I06 on the studsv I0I as pivots. Plates II6a, II6b are secured to frame 46 by means of bolts I I6c.

Similar mechanism is provided for the other two ratchet wheels 48, but, owing to the fact that thesetwo ratchet wheelsrotate in a direction opposite to the ratchet wheel 49, the rocker plates I06 for the ratchet wheels 48, 50 are in efiect inverted. Normally, the plates I06 are held by springs III (Fig. 4) with their lugs I I4 The selector'bars I22 are provided with one or more lugs like |22a, I22b, I22c' "I22! (Fig. 3) each designed to be engageable withat least one of three bails which selectively control the operation of the escapement mechanism. Each bail comprises a tube I25 mounted on side arms I26 (Figs.'2 and v3) which are pivotally mounted on studs I21. These studs are carried by arms I 28 the hubs of which are rigidly mounted on and near the endsof a shaft I29. This shaft is rotatably mounted on studs carried by the base I4 of the machine. The lugs I22a, I221),

I22c, and'so on, are so disposed along the length of the selector bars I22 that one or more of the bails including tube I25 will be' rocked counterclockwise about studs I21 as, a pivot (Fig. 8)' whenever the bars I22 are operated in conse-' quence of the depression of a character key I0.

The bars I22are guided near the mid-pointsof the longer bars and adjacent the ends of the shorter bars by means of a comb |8I which is secured to the lower edges of the base I4. Ad-

jacent the rod II9, the bars I 22 are guidedby a comb -I32 which is formed with side arms, I82a attached to hubs fixedly mounted on the rod II9. Pivotally mounted on the rod II9 near, the center of the machine are three levers I83, "4,135

which extend forwardly or to the right in Fig.

3 3 to overlie the tubes |25.' The levers I34, I35

are curved downwardly at 'theirforward ends whereby lever I34 maybe operated only by the right hand tube I25 and the lever I35 only by' the middle tube I25. The end of the leverI39 is straight and is operated only by the lefthand tube I25. It will be seen that each time one of the selector bars I22 is rocked in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 9) one or more of the le. vers I33, I34, I35 will be similarly rocked about rodil9asapivot. I

The clockwise restoring movement of the balls including the tubes I25 and arms, I26Jls limited by means of two brackets like I36,'(Figs. 2 and 3) secured to the inside faces of the base I4. Each bracket I36 extends horizontally underneath the arms I26 and is provided with a resilient facing I36 of material such as leather and each of the arms I26 rests on the, top surface of the adjacent resilient facing I38. The tubes I25 are held'upwardly slightly clear of the lugs I22a, I22b, etc.

" whereby the clicking noise which would result cooperates with the upper edge of the rear end of the corresponding lever I33, I34, I35 and these lugs are normally held in contact with said levers by means of torsion springs I44 interposed between pins carried by the arms I39, I40, I

and pins carried by the levers I33, I34, I35. These levers are urged in a clockwise direction by means of springs I45 anchored to pins carried by said levers and ears formed in bracket I20. The arms I39, I40, I have link connections I46 to arms I41, I48, I48, respectively (Figs. 3, 4, 6 and 8) which are pivotally mounted on the front sides of the rocker plates I06 of the several escapements. It is evident that when one or more of the levers I34, I35, I36 is rocked in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 3), one or more of the links I46 will be drawn downwardly thereby rocking the corresponding arms I41, I48, I49 downwardly, or clockwise in Fig. 6, which shows only the arm I48 for the middle escapement mechanism. 7

. Secured to the rear end of frame 46 (Figs. 3 and 4) is a bracket I50 having a horizontal slot into which extends a stud I5l on a bar I52.

This bar at its forward end (Figs. 8, 4, 6, '1, and 8) is pivotally connected to one arm of a bell crank I53 pivotally mounted on a bracket I53a secured to rail 28. The bell crank I53 has a link connection I54 to the movable frame including the universal bar 3|. A spring J55, anchored to,a pin carried by the bar I52 and to a pin carried by the bracket I50, holds the bar I52 in the rearward or retracted position best shown in Figs. 3 and 4. In order to permit the bar I52 to move to the right in Figs. 3, 'I, and 8, or forwise direction thereby similarly rotating one or more of the balls comprising the tubes Ifand will be rocked in the same direction thereby,

through links I46, rocking the corresponding arms I41, I48, I 49-downwardly or clockwise in Fig. 6. The operated arms I41, I48, I49 are thus brought into the paths of movement of the studs I56, this operation taking place before the operated type bar strikes the universal bar 3|. For example, the bar I22 for the Q key I0, shown in front in Fig. 4, has 2. lug I221 whereby only the lever I34, arm MI, and arm I41 are operated with the parts in the positions shown in Fig. 3.

When the type bar ultimately strikes the universal bar 3|, the latter is moved rearwardly or to the left in Figs. 2 and 4 thereby, through the link I54, rocking the, bell crank I53 clockwise. This results in the bar I 52 moving forwardly (Fig.4) or to the right in Fig. 3. Those of the arms I41,. I48, I49 which have been drawn downwardly will be engaged by the corresponding studs I56 and,'as a result, the rocker plates I06 connected to said arms will be rocked counterclockwise in Fig. 4.

' Upon the restorationof the type bar, the bar ing point. With continued restoring movement of the type bar,'the bails comprising-tubes I25 and arms I26 and the operated levers and arms I33, I34, I35 and I39, I40, I4I, respectively, will be restored to the position of Fig. 3 thereby restoring the. operated arms I41, I48, I49 to the position shown in Fig. 6. It will thus be ,seen that one or more of the escapement ratchets 48, 49, 50 will be operated each time a type bar is operated with the result that the carriage will be. permitted to move a distance-depending upon the spacing of the teeth in the operative escapement ratchets 48, 49, 50.

The description up to the present time has assumed that the type basket is in elevated position to cause the lower case characters to be wardly in Fig. 4, independently of the universal b'ar 3|, the link I54 has a slotted connection to the universal bar frame. The bar I52 through most of its length is L-shaped in vertical section and on the top surface of the horizontal portion of said bar there is secured three screw studs I56 (Figs. 4, 6,'and 8). located in the rear of and slightly below theends of the arms I41, I48, I49, respectively whereby the bar I52, if operated alone, will not aflect any of the arms I41, I48, I49. f 5

With the bails comprisingtubes I 25 and arms I26 in the position shown in Figs. 2 and 3, depression of any character key I0 causes the corresponding cam unit I6 to be rocked by the power roller I5 in a clockwise or counterclockwise di-' rection (Fig. 2), according to whether the operative cam unit is in the left hand or right hand row, respectively, thereby rocking the corresponding bar I22 in a counterclockwise direction printed. Many of the upper case letters of the alphabet are considerably wider than the correnewspapers and books are employed. Thus, the

(Figs. 2 and 3) and at the same time operating the corresponding type bar 2I. Through the intermediary of one or. more: of the lugs I22b, I22d, I22f, the bar I22 which corresponds to the key depressed will be rocked in a counterclock upper case L" is considerably wider than'the lower case i. Inorder to take care of these differences in-.. width between the upper and lower case characters, means is'provided to shift the bails comprising the tubes #25 and arms I26 rearwardly of the machine or to the left in Figs. 2 and 3 to cause the tubes I25 tmregister with lugs I22a, I220, .l22e on selector bars 'I22 An arm I51 (Fig. 3) is secured to the shaft I29 and has a link connection I58 to an arm I59 secured to the shaft 36 which it will be recalled is rocked counterclockwise each time the type basket 32 is drawn downwardly to the upper case position. Whenever the type basket is shifted to the upper case position, arm I59 is rocked counterclockwise thereby, through the link I58, rocking arm I51, the shaft I29, and the arms I28 in a clockwise direction. The bails comprising tubes I25 and arms I26 are thus drawn rearwardly, or to the left in Fig. 3, to re-position One or more of the levers I33, I34,-

shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 9 to 12, inclusive.

but not quite touchingfthe edge fthereoff f In." this *po'sitio'n' =of thecarriage; theQ'p ter co' -with the zero mar the rods to register with lugs I22a, I22c, I22e. Inmost cases the spacing of the characters is increased when the upper case characters are printed. However, this may not be invariably the case as the extreme left hand or rear row of keys (Fig. 1) often contains combinations of characters such as parentheses 'and numerals which may require that the spacing be reduced for the characters printed with an accompanying upper case shift movement.

Thespace bar [c (Figs; 1 and 2)" controls a cam unit I6a (Fig. '1). ;This cam unit, through a link I8a, operates a bail I60 pivoted on red I2, and a link I8I connected to an arm I'll (see Fig. 8 also) secured to a shaft I12 which is rotatably mounted in frame I 2I. Also secured to shaft I12 is an arm I13 (Figs 3, 4, 6, 'I, and 8) whichextends upwardlyxto one side of the plane of the lever I53 and has apin I14 extending into the plane of lever I53. A spring I15, connected to the arm I13 and to a fixed part of the frame- ;work, holds the lever I13 in the position 'of Figs. "4 and '1. When the space bar We is depressedits cam unit I So causes the bail I60, to whichthe link IBI' is connected, torotate in a clockwise direction (Fig. 8), thereby drawing link I6I -toward the front of the machine in consequence of which the arm I13 is rocked counterclockwise in Figs. 4 and 7 to rock lever I53 in a clockwise direction. This causes the bar I52 to move to the right (Fig. 4). There is a selector bar I22 (Fig. 2) associated with the space bar cam unit Ilia ion the effect of parallax is avoided.

Secured on' the front plate I90 (Figs. 2, ,9, 10, and 11) is a stud I98 on which is rotatably mounted, by means of tworows of balls I99, a 'hub 200 internally constructed somewhat simi- "lary to the ball race I93. The stud I98 has 'a j shoulder I980 which retains the righthand row of balls I99, while'a washer 20I on the other end on the marginal stop rack I04 which is secured 1 of stud'l98retains the left hand row of balls' I99. 1 a

Two 'lock'nuts 202;- on a threaded portion of the stud I98, in cooperation with the 'washer'20I,

prevent the hub-2'00 from slipping off the end 0! stud I98. 'Secured'to the hub-200 is a gear sector 203 meshing with-the gear I91.

The gear sector 203 is operated by the carriage in its letter spacing movement through a train of connections to the right hand marginal stop which is designated I03b in Figs. 2, 5, 9, and 12.

The marginal stop I 031) is adlustably mounted in thecarriage end plates 26.

A square rod 2081' is slidably mounted in i brackets 201 secured to the-rearraiI 28. Rlgidly mounted on'the right hand end of the rod 200- '(Figs. 9 and 12) is a plate 208 projecting 'upwardly into the path of the marginal stopf I031);

The left hand end of the rod 200 is flattened at 206a to provide a relatively'long, but thin, bearand this selector bar operates the bail I25-I26 and arm I33 which'controlsthe arm I48 causing the latter to be drawn downwardly. Thus the carriage may be spaced without operating a type bar. w r

In order to permit justification to be accomplished an improved justification indicator is provided for .measuring and indicating the amount each line is typed short of or beyond the desired right hand margin. This indicator is Secured to the front cover plate I90,'Figs. 1, 2,'and 9 to 11, is a semi-circular dial plate I9I which is 7 I92. The dial plate I9I (Figs. 1 and 10) has its outer edge graduated at intervals equivalent to 7 one unit of spacing, i. e., the theoretical unit of feed of the carriage. In the machine disclosed herein the unit of feed of the carriage is .022" although the smallest feed which'it is possible to obtain is two units or .044". The dial I9I has an arbitrary zero mark which corresponds to that, during the movement of the carriage to the 7 ing edge shaped like the blade of a hatchet,-engaging a pin 2090. on" an arm 209 secured to a shaft 2I0. This shaft is joumaled in brackets 2| I, 2I2 'secured to the under-side of the'rear rail 28' and to the frame I3, respectively. Secured to the forward end of the shaft 2I0 is an arm 2I3 connected by a link 2I4 to thegearsector 203. g

With reference to Figs. 9 and 12,'it is evident left to type a line, the marginal' stop-I03b 'will eventually strike plate 208 as shown and move rod 206 to the left with the carriage. Through the train of connections including arm 2'09, shaft.

2I0, arm 2I3, and link 2, the gearseotor lfl 4-5 spaced from the cover plate by means 'of blocks a will be rocked counterclockwise (FigIlO) thereby rotating the indicator pointer gI9Ii clockwise in that figure. The pointer starts t6 turn when'the a carriage is approximately thirty-five 'unit's'short the desired right hand marginal position of the carriage. Secured in a hole in the dial plate I9I '(Fig. 11) is a ball race I93 in which is'rotat'ably mounted. on two rows of balls I94 a stub shaft I95. A washer I95a and lock nuts I95b on a threaded portion of stub shaft I95 hold the stub shaft and balls I94 in their proper relation in the ball race I93. Integral with the stub shaft I95" is a pointer I 93 (see Figs. 2, 9, and 10 also) and a gear I91. The pointer I96 is'located behind the dial plate of the right hand marginal position, that is, with in .77" of the marginal position.

the number of scale divisions may be changed as desired. 1

J ustification is effected by mechanism the bulk 7' of'which is mounted-on the left hand. side of the machine (Fig, 1) -and is mainly supported by a'casting 220' (Figs. 1, 4, 5 and'6); This cast- 'ing has ears 220a, 2201) rotatably supporting:

manually settable assembly which includes two 7 relatively-movable dials 22I, 222,e'ach graduated,i I

wherebythe dials may be set to predetermined values in reference to'index marks 223, 220. jIndex mark'223 is placed on dial 222, while "the I9I' in the space between thedial plate and the front cover plate I90. whenthe carriage is in the right hand marginal position, pointer l 96 extends directly upwardly to a point above the upper edge of the dial plate and .atthis point is bent U-shaped so as to have a downwardlyprojecting portion I 96a m hspmh of the dial" plate,

index mark 220 is placed on the casting 220.

Dial 22I is relatively coarsely graduated and the graduations are designated with j theyle'tters A. B, C, etc. Dial 222 is-graduated-"at?shorter-- structing the dial plate and pointer in this rash This is, of course, arbitrary, as" the unit of spacing, the. point of becoming operative of the indicatdr. and

secured to a hub :25 which is rotatably mounted upon a rod 226. The latter is rotatably mounted within the bore of a tube 221. Secured to this tube 221 is a hub 228 having a turned-down portion rotatably mounted on the ear 220aof casting 220. The hub 225 is provided with a lug 225a adapted toregister withany one of sixteen slots 228a milled in the hub 228 radially of the 'rod 226 whereby the dial 22i may be keyed to dial 222 in any of sixteen positions. For this purpose, there is provided a hand-wheel or knob 229 which is secured to a tubular portion 225b of the hub 225 on which is secured the dial 2 2|. Loosely mounted on rod 226 is a shouldered bushing 226a interposed between the end of which-and the end of the tubular portion 225!) is a spring 230- The bushing 226a loosely fits within the bore of the hub of which the knob 229 is part and, by pressure of the spring 230 against the end of the tubular portion 225 urges the dial 22l into engageinent with the dial 22: whereby, if the 111i; 225a registers with one of the notches in hub 228, the

dials 22l, 222 will be keyed together. A stud 226b screwed into the end of shaft 226 acts as a stop to prevent movement of bushing 226a under the influence of spring 230. 4 A When the parts are in this relation, theldial 222 will be rotated whenever the knob 223 is rotated. However, when it is desired rotatively to set the dial 22l relative to the dial 222, the knob 223 is pulled outwardly, or downwardly in Fig. 4, to withdraw the lug 2250 from the slot with which it registers. The dial 22l' may then be rotatably set with reference to the index mark on the pin 223a without turning dial m. Pins 22m, 222a on dial 22l and dial 222, respectively, preventv mounted in ear 22Gb by-means of a hub :32

secured to said tube, said hub having a shoulder which rotatably fits a hole in thecasting 220. The

rod 226 extends completely. through and beyond the end of the tube 221 and at its rear end has secured thereto a hub 233.; I

.Secured to the hub 2321s a pair of escapement ratchets 234 with whichcooperate escapement pawls 235 (Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 8). These pawls are rotatably and slidably mounted upon a stud 231 mounted on the ear 22qb of the casting 220. Also rotatablymounted on the stud 231 is a pawl operating lever-238 (Figs. 5 and 6); A feed spring, like a clock spring, designated 233 (Figs. 4 and 8) has one end anchored to the hub 232 while the other end is anchored to one of the lugs 240a of a. spring-retaining plate 240 which is secured to the ear 220D. The lugs 246a are bent at right angles to the plate 246 and are disposed in a circle concentric with the hub 232 to retain the spring 239. This spring tends to rotate the hub 232 and hence the assembly including the dials -22 I, 222 in a clockwise directionwith reference to Figs. 1 and 8, or counterclockwise with reference to Figs. 5 and 6. 1 4

The pawls 235 each cooperate with one of the ratchets 234 and are slotted so as to be not only rotatably mounted upon the stud 231, but also capable of a small amount of vertical sliding action with reference to Figs. 5 and 6. Springs 24l, anchored to lugs formed inthe pawls 235,

tend to slide said pawls upwardly with reference to Figs. 5 and 6 and also te'ndto rockthe pawls clockwise into engagement with their respective ratchets 234.

The ratchets 234 are displaced relative to each other one half of a tooth space whereby normally one of the ratchets 234 will engage the end of the corresponding pawl 235 and, due to the superior force of spring 233, press the pawl downwardly against the stud 231,

a as shown by the foremost pawl 235 in Figs. 5

the numerals engraved upon the dial 222; and

. designate the number of spaces between words in a typewritten line. For example, the letterv A designates one space; the letter B, two spaces; the letter C, three spaces; and so on. If a typewritten .line contains, say, three spaces between words, that is, the line has four words, the dial 22! will be rotated relative to dial 222 until the letter C registers with the index mark on pin 2230. In this manner, the justiflcation control unit is set in accordance with the number of.

' Thus, with a single manual control element, the

justification mechanismcan be set according to v the stud 231.

the two essential values .for justification of a given line, namely, the degree of shortage of the line and the number of spaces in the line.

The hub 225 is slidably keyed to the shaft 226 bymeans of a pin 23! (Fig. 4) which fits tightly in a transverse hole in shaft 226. This pin also loosely slidably fits in a slot milled radially'of the hub 225 whereby said hub and dial 221 may 7 be moved longitudinally of the shaft 226 yet may rotate the shaft 226 relative to tube 221 when dial 221 is .moved relative to the dial 222.

The tube 221 extends through a hole in the ear 22th of the frame casting 220 and is rotatably and 6. The spring 2 for the other pawl 235 holds this pawl upwardly with its nose halfway between two teeth on the associated ratchet 234. The assembly including the dials 22! and 222 is thus held against rotation under the influence of the feed spring 239. V V

The particular pawl 235, for instance, the foremost one-as shown in Figs.15 and 6, which is holdingits ratchet 234 against rotation, has its tail held in the path of a lug 238a formed in the pawl-operating lever 238 which is pivoted upon The other pawl, however, is held up by its spring 24] whereby its tail clears the lug 238a. With the partsin the position shown in Figs. 5 and 6, rotation of the pawl-operating lever 238 in a counterclockwise direction, bypmeans hereinafter to be described, causes the foremost pawl 235 to be rocked in the same direction by engagement of the lug 238a with the tail of said pawl whereby the latter is disengaged from its ratchet 234. The ratchets 234 are now permitted to rotate the extent necessary to push the other pawl 235 downwardly to engage the upperwall of a slot embracing stud 231. The parts are so proportioned that with each operation of the lever 238,1the ratchets 234 rotate in a counterclockwise direction (Figs. 5 and 6) half the dis- 3 tance between two successive teeth on either ratchet. As soon as the foremost pawl is disengaged from the foremost ratchet 234 (Figs. 5 and 6) its spring 2 draws it. upwardly until stopped by the lower wall of the slot therein striking the stud231 and this pawl then engages the next tooth of its ratchet 234.

and 6 downwardly brings its tail into the position of the pawl now indicated by the foremost pawl (Figs. and 6). Since at the time the r'earmost pawl (Fig. 5) is being moved downwardly by its ratchet 234 the lug 238a'is in the path of downward movement of said pawl, the lever 238 is pivoted on..stud 231 by means of a'slot similar to the slots in pawl 235.- This lever 238 is urged in a clockwise direction by means of a spring 242 anchored to a fixed part of the framework and toan ear formed in lever 238. This slot permits the lever 238 to have a clockwise component of movement downwardly against the tension of spring 242 to avoid obstructing the movement of the rearmost pawl (Figs. 5 and 6) when it is moved downwardly by the rearmost ratchet 234. Upon the next operation of the lever 238 the rearmost pawl (Figs. 5 and 6) will be rocked out of engagement with its ratchet and the foremost ment, it is obvious that when the dial 221 is rotated'relative to the dial 222to bring a specified letter into registry with'the' index mark on pin 223a, the gear '258 will be rotated in the same direction,"but a lesser extent, due to the reduction gearing'comprising-gear 251, pinion assembly 259,'and gear258. Thus the selector cams 245, 245 willbe 'displacedrotatlvely relative to the cams243, 244, 'but their net displacement upon the tube 221 will be less than gear251. In a similar manner, theselector-cams 245, 246;,and 241, 248 (Figs. 4 and 6) are-interconnected by 'i'noans-of gear 26L pinion assembly 262,'and gear 263 integral withthe hub 252, the pinion assem- I bly 262 being mounted upon o. pin 264' carried by the arm 255. The gear ratiobetween the Tgears 251,258, 258 is three to two while the ratio pawl will be moved downwardly, thereby permitting the ratchets 234 to rotate another increment in a counterclockwise direction. Thus, the pawls 235' are alternately'effective to allow the ratchets 234 and the assembly towhich they are secured, which includes the dials 22!, 222, to rotate increments equal to half the distance between the teeth on the ratchets.

While the machine is in operationto typea justified line, the entire assemblage of parts mounted upon tube 221 and the rod 226 rotates as a unit under control of the pawls 235 since once the dials' have been set in relation to each other, the shaft 226 is keyed to the tube 221.

The automatic justification of lines is controlled by means of: a series of selector cams which progressively selectively control the variable escapement mechanism through meanshereinafter to be described. These selector cams, designated 243 to 258, inclusive (Figs. '1, 4, 5, 6, and 8) are supported by the tube 221. The

233, which, it will be. remembered, is secured to the shaft 226 and is loose on tube 221., Cams 249 and 258 are secured to the hub 232 which is secured to tube 221. Thus, the cams 243, 244 are movable relative to the cams 248, 258. Cams cams 243 and 244 (Fig. 4) are secured to the hub Secured to and between the cams 248, 258 I (Figs. 4, 5, and 6) is a bail 253 extending parallel with the tube 221and through the planes of all the cams except the cam 258. Loosely rotatably The selector cams 243 to 258 control seleeting mechanism which is operative during spacing operations between words as a consequence ,of

.the depression of the space bar l8c automatically- .to vary the spacing between certain words by selectively controlling the -v'ariable escapement mechanism combinationally. For example, if a line has, say, six words, and is typed quite an appreciable extent-short of the marginal position, the cams 243 to 258wi1l selectively control the escapement mechanism to cause a greatly I increased spacing between some or ally of the words whichspacing may progressivelyjdecrease and become, constant as thetyping of the line proceeds, unless the values'of shortage and'num-' ber of words in a line are such as to make it possible to divide the increased spacing equally among the spaces between the words. Thus, if

there is an'even number of spaces in a line, that is',*an"odd numbe'rof words,wbut the shortage is odd or does not divide evenly, the first fewlspaces between words will be greater than the last few.v

The selecting mechanism "controlled bythe selector cams is shown diagrammatically inFig. 8 and in structural detail in Figs.4, 5,; otally mounted upon a rod 264 (Figs. 5 and 6) supported bythe ear 22% and an'ear 228ctof casting 228 is a series of three bails-designated 265, 258, 2151-, respectively, (see Fig." s also) conmounted upon the hubs 233 and 25l (Fig. 4) are arms 254, 255, respectively, each of whichpro- Jectsradially of the tube 221 and has a rectangular slot (Fig. 6) closely embracing the bail 253. The arms 254, 255' are held against displacement longitudinally of the arm'of bracket 253 by means of plates 256 having slots embracing the sides of ,the arms 254, 255- and secured to the bail 253.

Thus the arms 254, 255 rotate in unison with the selector cams 249, 258.

The hub 233 (Fig. 4) is part of a gear 251 I alongside of which *a gear 258 is secured to the hub 25l. The gears 251, 258 are of different diameters, the gear 258 being the larger, and

these gears are interconnected-by a pinion assembly 259 comprising two pinions of different Considering bracket :53 as fixed .for the mo- 221 by means of springs 214. I Each, of'these feeler levers is'long enough so that-it spans the space between two-cams where-,

sisting of tubes'which are s'ecuredto arms pivotally-mountedppon rod 264. Mounted upon the rod 264 and spaced by means of short tubes and collars on the rod are five arms designated 268 to 212, inclusive, these arms beingloose on rod 264. The arms 268 to 212 cooperate with the cams 243 to 258, respectively.- The arms 268,218,

and*21| are located half way between the "cams, 244, 245; the cams 246, 241; and the cams 248,

'249, respectively. Pivotedjon the arms 268.1218, 21l are feeler levers 213 which are held in a cenparallel with tube 1 tral position so asto be alined by rocking of any one of 'the'arms 269; 218, 2"

in a clockwise"direction (Fig. 8) will cause the feeler lever associated therewith "to' be brought into contact with the peripheries of the pairs of camsv with which the feeler lever cooperates.

The cams associated with any feeler lever, may I or may not obstruct-movement of its feelerlev'er, I a I relation to each other that the rises of both cams are directly opposite the ends o'f the feelerlever 216 on arm 269, the arm 269 will be obstructed from movement in a clockwisedirection (Fig. 8). However, if one or the other of these cams-is so positioned that the dwellor low point of either cam 244, 245 is oppositethe end of the feeler lever, feeler lever 216 will not be obstructed from movement and arm 269 will be permitted to rock.

' The springs 214 which hold the feeler levers in the neutral position also tend to rock the levers 269, 216, 2 in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 8) or clockwise (Figs. 5 and 6) and thus tend torestore said arms.

, It will be noted, with reference to Figs. 5, 6,

. and 8, that the levers 266 to 212 are provided with lugs. 212a in various positions and of various dimensions, these lugs engaging one or more of the tubes forming the bails 265,266, 261.

The arm 266 has a long lug engaging the bails 266, 261. The arm 269 has two lugs 212a. engaging the bails 265, 261. The'arm 216 has a long 265. The lever 216 has its lug 216a in position to cooperate with the middle bail 266. It is evident that whenever one of thelevers 215, 216, 211 is rocked in a clockwise direction (Fig.. 8) or counterclockwise (Fig. 6) one or more of the arms 266 to 212 will be rocked in a clockwise direction through the interposition of the bails 265, 266, 261-between the levers 215, 216, 211 and the arms 266 to 212.

It will be noted with reference to Figs. 5, 6, and 8 that each of the selector cams 246, 256 has a high portion extending over approximately one-quarter of the periphery of the cam. This high portion, as well as the low portion extending over the remaining three-quarters of the periphery of the cam, is of constant radius.-

The pairs of cams such as 246, 244 arerigidly portions are displaced approximately 96 with respect to each other, as best illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. It will be noted in Fig. 5, for example, that the rearmost cam 249 of the pair 249, 256 has one end of its low portion in alinement axially of tube 221 with one end ,of the high portion of the other cam 256 of the pair.

When the dials 22!, 222 are set as in Fig. 8 so that the zero marks thereon register with the in,- dex marks on the pin 226 and the bracket 224, respectively, the ends of the low portions of the cams 246, 245, 241, and 249 and the adjacent ends of the highportions of thec'ams 244, 246, 246, and 256 are directly opposite the projections 266a, 212a, and the ends of the levers 216. ,This permits the arms 266 to 2" to rockclockwise with reference to Fig. 8, or counterclockwise with reference to Figs. 5 and 6. However, the tooth 2126 of the arm 212 is so located that this tooth cooperates with one end of the high portion of the cam 256 whereby arm 212 is prevented from' secured to their respective hubs so that the high depending upon the relative position of the cams' associated with such lever. Forinstance, if the cm 244, 245 (Fig. 8) are in such position with rocking in a clockwise direction. These positions of the cams 246 to 256 will be referred to hereinafter as the normal positions because the machine is thereby conditioned for normal spacing between words. Thus, in the normal, or zero,

positions of the dials22l, 222, arm 212, bail 665 cams 246 to 256 and dials MI, 222 while Figs. 1,

4, 5, and 6 showthe positions of the cams 246 to 256 when dial 22| is set at zero and dial 222 at 12. In the normal position of dials 22I, 222, spring 269 holds the ends of arms 254, 255 in engagement with a resilient stop which may take the form of short sections of rubber tubing 226d on a rod 2266 (Figs. 1, 5, and 6) supported .by the ears 226b, 2260 of casting 226. When the dial 22I is rotated relative to dial 222, the pairs of cams 246 to 246 will be rotated variable extents relative to cams 249, 256 whereby the high points on cams 246, 245, 241, 249 become displaced in spiral relationship in a clockwise direction each other remains the same.

As the typing of I a line proceeds, the cam. assembly rotates one step for'each space between words and thus changes with each space bar operation the relation of the cams to the arms 266to212.

When one or more of the levers 215, 216, 211 is held rigid, it effects the operation of selector arms 216, 219, 266 (Figs. 1, and 4 m8) associated with the levers 215 to 211, respectively. Each arm 216, 219, 266 has. efllhk connection 26l (Figs. 4, 7, and 8) to anlarm 262 loosely mounted on the shaft I12. The arm 262 is drawn downwardly in consequenceof the operation of the cam unit Ila controlled by the space bar Me with eachspace bar operation to space two successive words. In

order to efl'ectthis operation of the arm 262, there is secured to the shaft I12 an arm 266 (Figs. 4 and '1) to which is pivoted a link 264. The link 264 has a portion thereof resting upon a roller on a stud 265 on the arm 262 whereby, when the link 264 is rocked counterclockwise by depression of its left hand end (Fig. 7), the arm 262 will likewise be rocked counterclockwise. The link 264 has a downwardly and rearwardly projecting portion 264a having cam surface 264b in contact with a roller 266 on a stud 261. carried by a fixed part of the framework.

Upon each spacing operation the arm 266- is rockedcounterclockwise (Fig. "7) thereby moving 268, '212 with the high portions of cams 243, 259 or any of the feeler levers 213 with the cams 244 to 249, one or more of arms 218, 219, or 289 will be rocked clockwise instead of counterclockwise, thereby depressing the right hand end of said arm.

The arms 218, 219, 289, as shown in Figs. 4, 6, and 7, are guided in slots formed in the bracket I59 and have bent-over lugs 218a, 219a, 289a (see Fig. 8 also) overlying the ends of arms I41, I48, I49 which, it will be remembered, are pivotally mounted on dog rocker plates I96. Thus, if one or more of the arms 218, 219, 289 is rockedin a clockwise direction (Fig. 8) as a consequence of the rigidity of one or more of the levers 215, 216, 211, the corresponding arms I41, I48, I49 will be depressed into the path of studs I56 whereby the magnitude of the carriage feed with each spaced bar operation will depend upon how many and which ones of the arms I41, I48, I49 are operated.

The arms 218, 219, 269 are restored by' means of springs 288 (Figs. 4, 6, 7, and 8') which are anchored to pins carried by'a plate 299 adjustably mounted on the bracket I59 by means of screws 299. The plate 289 thus acts as an adjustable stop limiting upward or counterclockwise movement (Fig. 8) 'of the arms 218, 219, 289.

The lever 238, which operates the pawls 235 (Figs. 4 to 7), is operated by a lever 29I which is pivoted on a stud 292 carried by a fixed part of the framework. The lever 29I has a link connection 293 to an arm 294 secured to the shaft I12. Upon each operation of the space bar, shaft I12 and arm 294 are rocked in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 7) thereby similarly rotating the lever 29I. The longer arm of lever 29I overlies the end of lever 238 thereby causing the lever 238 to rock counterclockwise (Figs. 5 and 6) with each space bar operation. Thus, after each space bar operation, the relationship of the cams 243 to 259 to the arms 268 to 212, inclusive is changed automatically.

Since the can. assembly is rotated only one unit for each space between words, the cam assembly may not be completely restored to starting position, that is, zero position when a line of typing has been completely justified. For instance, a line might have seven words, calling for six spaces, but in order to correctly justify the line a considerably greater number of units of spacing may be required, say, fourteen units, in addition to the normal spacing. The teeth on the ratchets 234 are so chosen that the dial 222 moves 55 the distance between two successive graduations, corresponding to one unit of spacing of the carriage with each space bar operation. Thus, if the dial 222 were set to 14 and the dial 22I set to F to correspond with six spaces between words. the dial 222 and the cam assembly would only be restored six units so that, at the end of the line, the dial 22I would be in such position that the value 8 would be in registry with the index mark 224. The next line, however, may be only four units short of the marginal position,

' which means that the dial 222 must be set in the same direction as it moves during the writing of a line. With the pawls 235 still engaging the ratchets 234, this is obviously impossible without some means of releasing the pawls 235 before the next line is justified.

Conveniently, the resetting of the dial 222 and the cam'assembly to zero is automatically effected uporya carriage return operation which is 75 always incidental to the writing of a new line. To effect the restoration of the cam assembly to zero, there is provided mechanism which is most clearly shown in Fig. 5. Pivotally mounted on a stud 295 carried by the ear 229a of the casting .229 is an arm 296. This arm 296 has a bent-over lug 296a which is located between the ratchets 234 and the ends of the pawls 235 cooperating with the-ratchets 234 whereby, when the arm 296 is rotated in a clockwise direction (Fig. 5), both of the pawls 235 will' be rocked counterclockwise and disengaged from the ratchets 234. This arm'296 is connected by a link 291 to the lever I99 which, it will be recalled, is rocked in a clockwise direction (Fig. 5) into the path of the left hand marginal stop I93a each timethe carriage return key I9b (Fig. 1) is depressed and is held in this position until the carriage reaches the left hand marginal position, after which the lever I99 resumes the position of Fig. 5, thereby permitting pawls 235 to reengage the ratchets 234. Thus, as a consequence of the depression of the carriage return key, the cam assembly is restored to zero position in readiness for taking a new setting as a preliminary to justifying the next line of typing.

The operation of the space'bar, when the dials 22I, 222 are set in zero position, causes the carriage to be advanced three units of spacing. There may be times when it is desired to space the carriage independently of the spacing produced by the selective effect of the cam assembly. For this purpose there is provided the, key I9d (Fig. 1). This key controls a cam unit I6b (Fig. 7) connected by a link I8b to a bail 298 pivotally mounted on the rod I2 within the bailv I69 which is associated with the cam' unit I6a controlled by the space bar I9c. The bail 298 is connected by a link 299 toan arm 399 (Figs. 4, 6, '1, and 8) pivoted at 39I to a fixed part of the framework.

This arm 399 is pivoted to swing in a horizontal plane and, as shown in Fig. 6, extends through a slot in the bracket I59 and hasan upstanding lug 399a projecting upwardly behind the arm I41 as shown in Fig. 8. Each time the key I9d is clev pressed the cam unit I6b is operated, rocking bail 298 clockwise and drawing link 299 to the right in Fig. 7. This causes the lug 399a to move forwardly or to the right in Fig. 8, thereby actuating the dog rocker plate v I96 associated with the escapement ratchet 59. This train of connections to the escapement mechanism is independent of any of the connections between the space bar and the escapement mechanism and is also independent of the cam assembly.

It will be remembered that the arm 212, when. the cam assembly is set in zero position, is ob-.

structed by the high portion on cam 259, whereby lever 216 is held rigid while levers 215, 211 are free. I writing non-justified lines or, when writing a justified line, after the cam assembly has reached normal position, the carriage will escape only three units of spacing.

A brief review of the operation of the machine with respect to a specific example will-now be given. It will be, assumed that a given line has eight words and seven spaces between words and that in initially typing the matter to be justi-,

fied the draft copy shows the line to be twenty units of spacing short of the desired marginal position. The knob 229 rotated until the detter "G" on dial 22I registers with the index mark onthe pin 2230. The knob is then allowed to move inwardly until the lug Thus, when the space bar is operated inis pulled outwardly and. 

